Thesis offer: Selective flotation of the components of the Black Mass from the recycling of Li-ion batteries: development of new reagents adapted to a constantly evolving flow

the energy transition saccompanies da sharp increase in the production of lithium-ion batteries, posing major environmental and strategic issues related to their end-of-life andsupply of critical raw materials. The recycling of Black Mass, which constitutes the fraction concentrated in graphite and strategic metals such as nickel, cobalt, lithium and manganese. This Black Mass appears as a key lever to strengthen thecircular economy and reduce import dependence. However, therapid evolution of battery technologies, with theemergence of new cathode chemistries (NMC, LFP), lincrease in mixtures in cathodes (blends), as well as theIntegration of innovative components such as D coatingsAlumina (Al₂O₃) and silicon doped anodes, considerably complicates the composition of Black Mass. This increasing heterogeneity makes conventional recycling processes unsuitable, especially in an increasingly demanding regulatory context, with a European target of 70% recycling rate of dHere 2027. In this context, the selective separation of the constituents of the Black Mass becomes a priority. Flotation, a well-established process in mineralurgy, is distinguished by its ability to separate fine particles. However, the conventional reagents used in the case of Black Mass, such as kerosene, exhibit low selectivity, limiting their effectiveness in the face of complex and heterogeneous flows. The development of new patterns of flotation reagents, more specific to battery components, is therefore essential to improve the performance and flexibility of recycling processes.